Skip to main content
  • Subscribe
  • |
  • Sign in
  • |
  • Register
Institutional Investor Institutional Investor Institutional Investor
  • Industry Insights
      • Global – Macro
      • Investment Implementation
      • Investment Strategy
      • Organizational Transformation
      • People
      • Private Markets
      • Public Markets
      • Regulation – Taxation – Legal
      • Research
      • Wealth & Retirement

      55+ Years of Analysis & Insight

      For more than 55 years, Institutional Investor has delivered the news and analysis that investment professionals need to succeed and stay relevant. Our coverage of the global asset management industry helps you to stay ahead of the curve on the trends and stories that impact your world.

      Volatile Macro Fund Haidar Leads Peers With Double-Digit Gain

      Volatile Macro Fund Haidar Leads Peers With Double-Digit Gain
      Managers’ Bullish Outlooks Remain — But the Price of Gold Is Telling a Different Story

      Managers’ Bullish Outlooks Remain — But the Price of Gold Is Telling a Different Story
      Five Things to Watch in Energy Markets in 2025

      Five Things to Watch in Energy Markets in 2025
      Mega Hedge Fund Launches Are Rare — and Don’t Ensure Lasting Success

      Mega Hedge Fund Launches Are Rare — and Don’t Ensure Lasting Success
      With Frantic Pace of Changes, Investors’ Concerns About Instability Rise

      With Frantic Pace of Changes, Investors’ Concerns About Instability Rise
      Greenland Noise Could Spur Push for More Favorable Investing Policies

      Greenland Noise Could Spur Push for More Favorable Investing Policies
      Janus Henderson to Expand Institutional

      Janus Henderson to Expand Institutional
      There’s a Trump Bump for Short Sellers — At Least in One Sector

      There’s a Trump Bump for Short Sellers — At Least in One Sector
      Solana vs. Bitcoin vs. Ethereum: How Do They Compare?

      Solana vs. Bitcoin vs. Ethereum: How Do They Compare?
      Model Portfolios to Deliver Alternative Asset Exposure

      Model Portfolios to Deliver Alternative Asset Exposure
      Open Architecture and Next-Gen Technology Help Support Model Delivery

      Open Architecture and Next-Gen Technology Help Support Model Delivery
      Maximizing Impact: The Role of TAMP Selection in Effective Investment Distribution

      Maximizing Impact: The Role of TAMP Selection in Effective Investment Distribution
      What API and EIA Data Reveal About Crude Oil Markets

      What API and EIA Data Reveal About Crude Oil Markets
      Model Portfolios Simplify Wealth Managers’ Messaging with Clients

      Model Portfolios Simplify Wealth Managers’ Messaging with Clients
      Who Will Be the Next Larry Fink?

      Who Will Be the Next Larry Fink?
      Podcast: Exploring Options and Options-based Investing Strategies

      Podcast: Exploring Options and Options-based Investing Strategies
      Methanol Gains Traction as an Alternative Energy Source

      Methanol Gains Traction as an Alternative Energy Source
      With Deals Still Stalled, Family Offices Emerge to Fill the Gap

      With Deals Still Stalled, Family Offices Emerge to Fill the Gap
      Private Markets Investment Outlook Q2 2025: Opportunities Amid Uncertainty

      Private Markets Investment Outlook Q2 2025: Opportunities Amid Uncertainty
      VC Is Down — But Private Placements for Post-IPO Companies Are Up

      VC Is Down — But Private Placements for Post-IPO Companies Are Up
      Big Allocators Double Down on Private Credit Amid Market Volatility

      Big Allocators Double Down on Private Credit Amid Market Volatility
      Upheaval “Will Create Compelling Investment Opportunities” — But That Time Is Not Now

      Upheaval “Will Create Compelling Investment Opportunities” — But That Time Is Not Now
      Model Portfolios to Deliver Alternative Asset Exposure

      Model Portfolios to Deliver Alternative Asset Exposure
      REITs Are in a Rut

      REITs Are in a Rut
      More Deals May Be in the Works as Wilshire Names New CEO

      More Deals May Be in the Works as Wilshire Names New CEO
      Expert Perspectives: C-Suite Insights from II’s Exclusive Forums

      Expert Perspectives: C-Suite Insights from II’s Exclusive Forums
      Model Portfolios Simplify Wealth Managers’ Messaging with Clients

      Model Portfolios Simplify Wealth Managers’ Messaging with Clients
      Who Will Be the Next Larry Fink?

      Who Will Be the Next Larry Fink?
      Facing a Liquidity Crisis, Venture Must Move Past the ‘IPO or Bust’ Mentality

      Facing a Liquidity Crisis, Venture Must Move Past the ‘IPO or Bust’ Mentality
      Podcast: Exploring Options and Options-based Investing Strategies

      Podcast: Exploring Options and Options-based Investing Strategies
      Allspring Chooses CEO With Expertise in ‘Tech and Ops’ as Manager Preps for Growth

      Allspring Chooses CEO With Expertise in ‘Tech and Ops’ as Manager Preps for Growth
      Allocators: Do the Benefits of AI Really Outweigh the Costs?

      Allocators: Do the Benefits of AI Really Outweigh the Costs?
      Walton Family Consolidates Investment Offices Under Sole CIO

      Walton Family Consolidates Investment Offices Under Sole CIO
      More Deals May Be in the Works as Wilshire Names New CEO

      More Deals May Be in the Works as Wilshire Names New CEO
      Knight Brings Its $2.6B Portfolio Back In-House After Decades of Outsourcing

      Knight Brings Its $2.6B Portfolio Back In-House After Decades of Outsourcing
      Expert Perspectives: C-Suite Insights from II’s Exclusive Forums

      Expert Perspectives: C-Suite Insights from II’s Exclusive Forums
      Alaska’s CIO on Being Contrarian, Facing a Budget Crisis, and Staying Cool to Headlines

      Alaska’s CIO on Being Contrarian, Facing a Budget Crisis, and Staying Cool to Headlines
      Facing a Liquidity Crisis, Venture Must Move Past the ‘IPO or Bust’ Mentality

      Facing a Liquidity Crisis, Venture Must Move Past the ‘IPO or Bust’ Mentality
      Podcast: Exploring Options and Options-based Investing Strategies

      Podcast: Exploring Options and Options-based Investing Strategies
      Allspring Chooses CEO With Expertise in ‘Tech and Ops’ as Manager Preps for Growth

      Allspring Chooses CEO With Expertise in ‘Tech and Ops’ as Manager Preps for Growth
      Private Markets Investment Outlook Q2 2025: Opportunities Amid Uncertainty

      Private Markets Investment Outlook Q2 2025: Opportunities Amid Uncertainty
      VC Is Down — But Private Placements for Post-IPO Companies Are Up

      VC Is Down — But Private Placements for Post-IPO Companies Are Up
      The Troubles Plaguing Private Capital Create a Windfall for Secondaries

      The Troubles Plaguing Private Capital Create a Windfall for Secondaries
      REITs Are in a Rut

      REITs Are in a Rut
      Why Private Equity Wins: Reflecting on a Quarter-Century of Outperformance

      Why Private Equity Wins: Reflecting on a Quarter-Century of Outperformance
      Tax Hikes, Funding Freezes Threaten University Endowments

      Tax Hikes, Funding Freezes Threaten University Endowments
      Rising Federal Debt and Fewer Institutional Buyers Means an Increased Need for Private Credit

      Rising Federal Debt and Fewer Institutional Buyers Means an Increased Need for Private Credit
      OCIOs Gain Major Ground With Private Schools

      OCIOs Gain Major Ground With Private Schools
      David Einhorn’s Early Bear Call Propels Greenlight to the Top

      David Einhorn’s Early Bear Call Propels Greenlight to the Top
      VC Is Down — But Private Placements for Post-IPO Companies Are Up

      VC Is Down — But Private Placements for Post-IPO Companies Are Up
      Solana vs. Bitcoin vs. Ethereum: How Do They Compare?

      Solana vs. Bitcoin vs. Ethereum: How Do They Compare?
      Global Payments, Other Big Bets Batter Glenview

      Global Payments, Other Big Bets Batter Glenview
      Even the Savviest Investors Have a Stunning ‘Lack of Conviction’

      Even the Savviest Investors Have a Stunning ‘Lack of Conviction’
      Valuations Have Dropped, but Not Enough to be “Cheap”

      Valuations Have Dropped, but Not Enough to be “Cheap”
      Gold and Bitcoin Decouple. What's Driving the Divergence's?

      Gold and Bitcoin Decouple. What's Driving the Divergence's?
      Yale’s Potential PE Sale Won’t Solve Liquidity Challenges

      Yale’s Potential PE Sale Won’t Solve Liquidity Challenges
      Five Things to Watch in Energy Markets in 2025

      Five Things to Watch in Energy Markets in 2025
      SEC’s Hester Peirce on What to Expect From the Atkins Agenda

      SEC’s Hester Peirce on What to Expect From the Atkins Agenda
      What's Next for Global Monetary Policy?

      What's Next for Global Monetary Policy?
      Turbulent Markets Call for More than an Index

      Turbulent Markets Call for More than an Index
      Asset Managers (Not Surprisingly) Cheer Paul Atkins as ‘Enforcement-Lite’ SEC Pick

      Asset Managers (Not Surprisingly) Cheer Paul Atkins as ‘Enforcement-Lite’ SEC Pick
      Managed Futures Take Advantage of the Trump Trade

      Managed Futures Take Advantage of the Trump Trade

      Casdin Leads Life Sciences Funds in a Recovery Year

      Casdin Leads Life Sciences Funds in a Recovery Year
      How Do FX Markets Respond to U.S. Rate Cuts?

      How Do FX Markets Respond to U.S. Rate Cuts?
      David Einhorn’s Early Bear Call Propels Greenlight to the Top

      David Einhorn’s Early Bear Call Propels Greenlight to the Top
      VC Is Down — But Private Placements for Post-IPO Companies Are Up

      VC Is Down — But Private Placements for Post-IPO Companies Are Up
      Funding Continues to Slip Away From Start-Ups

      Funding Continues to Slip Away From Start-Ups
      Solana vs. Bitcoin vs. Ethereum: How Do They Compare?

      Solana vs. Bitcoin vs. Ethereum: How Do They Compare?
      Global Payments, Other Big Bets Batter Glenview

      Global Payments, Other Big Bets Batter Glenview
      Even the Savviest Investors Have a Stunning ‘Lack of Conviction’

      Even the Savviest Investors Have a Stunning ‘Lack of Conviction’
      Valuations Have Dropped, but Not Enough to be “Cheap”

      Valuations Have Dropped, but Not Enough to be “Cheap”
      JPMorgan’s Paul Zummo: The Hedge Funds That Are Weathering Market Turmoil

      JPMorgan’s Paul Zummo: The Hedge Funds That Are Weathering Market Turmoil
      Performance of Small and Large Endowments Once Again Diverge

      Performance of Small and Large Endowments Once Again Diverge
      Ackman’s Pershing Square Suffers from the ‘Passive’ Phenomenon

      Ackman’s Pershing Square Suffers from the ‘Passive’ Phenomenon
      Why DeepSeek’s Models Blindsided U.S. Tech Illuminati and Market Whizzes

      Why DeepSeek’s Models Blindsided U.S. Tech Illuminati and Market Whizzes
      Investment Management in a Box

      Investment Management in a Box
      Despite the Administration’s ‘Unconventional Approach,’ Dan Loeb Is Still Bullish for 2025

      Despite the Administration’s ‘Unconventional Approach,’ Dan Loeb Is Still Bullish for 2025
      Great Results and an Uncertain Future for an Energy Hedge Fund

      Great Results and an Uncertain Future for an Energy Hedge Fund
      Johns Hopkins Lands New CIO from Georgetown

      Johns Hopkins Lands New CIO from Georgetown
      Greenlight Posted Its Weakest Results in the Past Four Years

      Greenlight Posted Its Weakest Results in the Past Four Years
  • Market Intelligence
      • Data & Analysis
      • Guest Contributors
      • Insights
      • Research
      • Sponsored
      • Strategic Partners

      Custom Research | Comprehensive Data | Transforming Intelligence

      At Institutional Investor, we provide comprehensive data and independent research to support the investment community. Our Thought Leadership Studio creates impactful content that shapes industry conversations, while our Custom Research Lab produces primary research reports for clients' market outreach and business development. Together, these efforts help investment professionals stay informed and competitive.

      Expert Perspectives: C-Suite Insights from II’s Exclusive Forums

      Expert Perspectives: C-Suite Insights from II’s Exclusive Forums
      Allocators and Asset Managers Tell Us What Concerns Them Most

      Allocators and Asset Managers Tell Us What Concerns Them Most
      Rising Federal Debt and Fewer Institutional Buyers Means an Increased Need for Private Credit

      Rising Federal Debt and Fewer Institutional Buyers Means an Increased Need for Private Credit
      Trump 2.0 and the Markets

      Trump 2.0 and the Markets
      With $20 Trillion in Private Markets, the Lack of Transparency Is No Longer Okay

      With $20 Trillion in Private Markets, the Lack of Transparency Is No Longer Okay
      Bear Market Warning Signals Begin to Emerge

      Bear Market Warning Signals Begin to Emerge
      Rising Federal Debt and Fewer Institutional Buyers Means an Increased Need for Private Credit

      Rising Federal Debt and Fewer Institutional Buyers Means an Increased Need for Private Credit
      Trump 2.0 and the Markets

      Trump 2.0 and the Markets
      Valuations Have Dropped, but Not Enough to be “Cheap”

      Valuations Have Dropped, but Not Enough to be “Cheap”
      Methanol Gains Traction as an Alternative Energy Source

      Methanol Gains Traction as an Alternative Energy Source
      Private Markets Investment Outlook Q2 2025: Opportunities Amid Uncertainty

      Private Markets Investment Outlook Q2 2025: Opportunities Amid Uncertainty
      Finding, Applying for, and Winning Grant Funding: Tips for Nonprofits

      Finding, Applying for, and Winning Grant Funding: Tips for Nonprofits
      Solana vs. Bitcoin vs. Ethereum: How Do They Compare?

      Solana vs. Bitcoin vs. Ethereum: How Do They Compare?
      Model Portfolios to Deliver Alternative Asset Exposure

      Model Portfolios to Deliver Alternative Asset Exposure
      Gold and Bitcoin Decouple. What's Driving the Divergence's?

      Gold and Bitcoin Decouple. What's Driving the Divergence's?
      Open Architecture and Next-Gen Technology Help Support Model Delivery

      Open Architecture and Next-Gen Technology Help Support Model Delivery
      Maximizing Impact: The Role of TAMP Selection in Effective Investment Distribution

      Maximizing Impact: The Role of TAMP Selection in Effective Investment Distribution
      Rising Federal Debt and Fewer Institutional Buyers Means an Increased Need for Private Credit

      Rising Federal Debt and Fewer Institutional Buyers Means an Increased Need for Private Credit
      Trump 2.0 and the Markets

      Trump 2.0 and the Markets
  • Events
      • All Events
      • Americas
      • Asia
      • Europe
      • Middle East

      600 Asset Managers | 90+ Annual Events

      We drive growth by creating communities across the investment ecosystem and foster conversations where members share their collective intelligence, innovative observations, and experience as industry leaders in an off-recording setting.

      MAY 7

      European Multi-Family Office Symposium, London 2025

      The Landmark London | London

      MAY 8-9

      Global West Government Funds Roundtable 2025

      The Landmark, London | London

      MAY 13

      11th Annual Redefining Fixed Income Forum

      Four Seasons Chicago | Chicago

      MAY 13-15

      2025 East Coast Family Office Wealth Conference

      Four Seasons Hotel and Residences Fort Lauderdale | Fort Lauderdale

      MAY 14

      2025 Asia Single Family Office Roundtable

      Four Seasons Hotel Singapore

      MAY 14

      Private Credit Forum - Chicago 2025

      Four Seasons Chicago | Chicago

      MAY 15

      2025 ASEAN Global Investment Forum

      Four Seasons Hotel Singapore

      MAY 22

      DACH Alternatives & Private Markets Symposium 2025

      FIVE Zurich Hotel | Zürich

      JUN 2-4

      2025 Endowments & Foundations Roundtable East

      Four Seasons Hotel Boston | Boston

      JUN 17

      EI CEO June Lunch 2025

      London | Hook

      SEP 17

      2025 한국 글로벌 투자 포럼 2025 Korea Global Investment Forum

      Four Seasons Hotel Seoul | Seoul

      OCT 8

      2025 MEII Abu Dhabi Institutional Investor Summit
      NOV 6

      2025 北京环球投资论坛 2025 Beijing Global Investment Forum

      Beijing

  • About Us
Maureen Nevin Duffy
How Much is Too Much Public Debt?
Washington state has taken steps – in the form of Bill #8215 – to lower its debt limit by half percent increases starting in fiscal year 2016.
Maureen Nevin Duffy April 1, 2011
250x215-carrying-debt.jpg

Contact Info

New York
1270 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 1100
New York, NY 10020
P: +1 212 224 3300

London
4 Bouverie Street
London EC4Y 8AX
P: +44 207 779 8888

Hong Kong
12/F, The Spaces
8 Queen's Road East
Wanchai, Hong Kong
P: +852 2912 8001

Corporate

About Us

Management

Careers

II Press Room

Digital

Masthead

Thought Leadership

Display Advertising

Custom Research

Reprints

FAQs

Events

Events Calendar

Memberships

Market Intelligence

Data & Analysis

Guest Contributors

Insights

Research

Sponsored

Strategic Partners

Subscription

Subscribe to Premium

Register

Register for Free Account

Newsletters

Sign up for II newsletters

© 2025 Institutional Investor LLC. All material subject to strictly enforced copyright laws. Please read our Terms & Conditions, Modern Slavery Act Transparency Statement, Accessibility Statement and Privacy Policy before using the site.

LinkedIn
X
Bluesky

4.00.05 build:2025-05-04   Login